The rapid development of China's economy is inseparable from the "Five-Year Plan" formulated by the Chinese government . Many economists, scholars, government officials and businessmen around the world only analyze and predict the global economy or the economy of a certain country based on economic data, but ignore the global geopolitical structure and development direction. This analytical perspective has great limitations and will also lead to serious deviations between the predicted results and the facts.

The New Business Dream team has always believed that no matter which country you come from, no matter whether your country is rich or poor now, only government officials with a geopolitical perspective can formulate long-term policies that are conducive to national development, and only businessmen with a geopolitical perspective can truly seize business opportunities in the new era.

This article reviews the five-year plans since the founding of the People's Republic of China from the perspectives of the background of the five- year plans and their typical achievements, so that everyone can have a more comprehensive and systematic understanding of the basic framework and implementation steps of China's five-year plan governance . Of course, it will also list the major economic and political events that occurred each year to help everyone understand how the international geopolitical landscape affects China's development.

Overview of China's Five-Year Plan

The Five-Year Plan, also known as the Outline of the Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development of the People's Republic of China, is an important part of China's national economic plan and a long-term plan. China began to formulate its first "Five-Year Plan" in 1953.

The Five-Year Plan is the setting of national development goals and corresponding policy guidance for a certain period of time. It mainly plans major national construction projects, the distribution of productivity and important proportions of the national economy. It has the great functions of promoting the realization of development goals, making up for market failures, effectively allocating public resources, and promoting comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development.

New China was founded on October 1, 1949, and there were only two special stages when the Five-Year Plan was not implemented.

October 1949 to the end of 1952 was the period of recovery of China's national economy, and also the preparation stage for the first Five-Year Plan.

From 1963 to 1965, it was a period of adjustment for the national economy. China encountered a comprehensive blockade under the geopolitical control of the two superpowers and turned to war preparations.

four phases of China's five-year plan

China's five-year plans can be roughly divided into four stages.

The first stage, the five-year plan under the planned economic system, began in 1953.

During this period, China formulated and implemented five five-year plans, which laid the foundation for China's industrialization and modernization, basically formed an independent and relatively complete industrial system and national economic system, and accumulated experience for carrying out socialist construction.

The second stage, the five-year plan during the transition from a planned economic system to a socialist market economic system, began in 1981.

During this period, China formulated and implemented four five-year plans, initially established the basic framework of the socialist market economic system, basically solved the problem of food and clothing for the people, and achieved the strategic goal of overall well-off.

The third stage, the five-year plan after the socialist market economic system was basically established, began in 2001.

During this period, China formulated and implemented four five-year plans, achieved the goal of building a moderately prosperous society in all respects , and laid a solid foundation for embarking on the comprehensive construction of a modern socialist country.

The fourth phase, a five-year plan under the great changes of the century, begins in 2021.

Against the backdrop of the Sino-US trade war and the global spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, China released its 14th Five-Year Plan in March 2021.